A new study by the University of Tennessee has found that people who are more likely to display "hostile" personality traits - such as being sarcastic or cynical - are at a higher risk of heart complications.
As reported by the Science Daily, the US study tracked 2,321 heart attack survivors, who had all undergone a personality test prior to being monitored over the next 24 months.
After the two-year observation was complete, the participants were survival rates were compared to the results of their personality score.
[[imagecaption|| Credit: Pexels]]Researchers soon discovered that those who were hostile toward others were more likely to suffer a repeat heart attack. In addition, these individuals were also less likely to take care of their own wellbeing - being more likely to smoke, drink, and have a poor diet.
Publishing their study in the European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, researchers concluded that a person's character could impact their heart - through both behavioral and psychological mechanisms.
Study author Tracey Vitori stated that some of the "hostile" characteristics that were highlighted were sarcasm, cynicism, resentment, impatience or irritability.
[[imagecaption|| Credit: Pexels/CraigAdderley]]Yes, just when I thought 2020 couldn't get any worse, I'm informed my entire lifestyle is essentially a heart attack waiting to happen.
"Hostile individuals have increased clotting times, higher adrenaline levels, above normal cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and increased cardiac reactivity," researchers stated.
The added: "These known inflammatory factors may initiate cardiac events and increase poor clinical outcomes."
[[imagecaption|| Credit: Pexels/CryptoCrow]]Vitori - an Assistant Professor at the University of Tennessee College of Nursing - stated: "It's not just a one-off occurrence but characterizes how a person interacts with people.
"We know that taking control of lifestyle habits improves the outlook for heart attack patients and our study suggests that improving hostile behaviors could also be a positive move."
Per the Science Medical Center, other experts have weighed in on the study's results.
Professor Sian Harding from the Cardiac Pharmacology at Imperial College London,said:
"[The findings] adds to a body of knowledge which links strong (mostly negative) emotion with cardiac death (often arrhythmic sudden cardiac death). It is well powered and has a useful message for cardiac patients.
"A surprisingly large proportion of the cardiac patients scored highly on the hostility score, which increases its relevance."
Experts also found that those with a more positive outlook on life are more likely to exercise, drink less, and not smoke.
A previous study published by Jeff C Huffman - an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School - stated: "Being happy can give you a healthy heart."
The paper added that "people experiencing positive emotions have lower cortisol levels, and fewer blood pressure abnormalities and fibrinogen stress responses to a mental stress test, compared with those not feeling positive emotions."
Huffman's article, titled 'Could being happy give you a healthy heart?' also reinforced the findings that "being significantly unhappy – having the syndrome of clinical depression – is associated with negative cardiac outcomes."