For many, alcohol can spark a temporary sense of relaxation and lowered inhibitions. But for millions worldwide, it comes with another side effect: a noticeable red flush across the face.
It’s a phenomenon that affects nearly 540 million people, yet the science behind it is less commonly understood, per the Journal of Translational Medicine. Now, medical experts have shed light on why it happens, and why it may carry more serious health risks than a cosmetic concern.
Normally, when alcohol is consumed, the liver breaks it down into a compound called acetate, which the body can process safely. Before it reaches that stage, however, it passes through an intermediate chemical called acetaldehyde. In most people, this is quickly converted into acetate and eliminated.
But in those with what’s known as alcohol flush reaction, the process stalls. Their bodies lack sufficient activity of the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetaldehyde, meaning the toxic compound lingers in the system for longer.
The result is a cascade of uncomfortable side effects. The build-up of acetaldehyde can trigger a histamine response, widening blood vessels in the face and causing that trademark redness. Some people also experience nausea, rapid heartbeat, or headaches after just a small amount of alcohol, according to Z Biotics.
Beyond discomfort, experts warn that alcohol flush is linked with more serious risks. Because acetaldehyde is toxic, those affected may be at higher risk of long-term conditions such as high blood pressure, cancer, or liver disease.
While flushing is often seen most clearly on lighter skin tones, the underlying reaction can affect people of all backgrounds. Doctors say the only real way to prevent it (and reduce the associated risks) is to limit or avoid alcohol altogether.
Public health campaigns like Dry January highlight how cutting back can bring wide-ranging benefits, regardless of whether someone experiences flushing or not. A University of Sussex study found that participants who gave up alcohol for the month saw significant improvements to health and wellbeing, even six months later.
Dr. Richard Piper, chief executive of Alcohol Change UK, told the Liverpool Echo: “We know that things are feeling uncertain at the moment, and some of us will be looking for ways to cope. Research consistently shows that, for many people who were already drinking heavily, our drinking habits may have taken a turn for the worse.”
He added: “Dry January offers the opportunity for a total reset. Sleep better and have more energy, improve your mental health and concentration, look fabulous and get brighter skin, save money, and feel an amazing sense of achievement.”
Even for those without the condition, experts emphasize that alcohol is not without risks. From high blood pressure and stomach problems to more serious conditions like cancer and liver disease, the health implications extend far beyond the temporary flush.
In short: if you’re one of the millions who turn red after a glass of wine or pint of beer, your body is sounding an alarm, and experts say it’s worth listening.